Human Resources Management Unit Human Resource Management

BTEC Higher National Diploma In Beauty Therapy Management Unit Human Resource Management Tutor Naeema Kassam Contents Task 1 4 1.1 4 1.2 6 1.3 7 1.4 8 Task 2 15 2.1 15 2.2 16 2.3 19 2.4 20 3.1 21 3.2 28 3.3 31 Task 1 1.1 Human resource management what is it â€Å"The process of hiring and developing employees so that they become more valuable to the organization† (business directory) human resource management is a strategic discipline between power and people it’s working with people who have feelings and emotions and ability to think human resource management covers planning, staffing, development, maintaining effective labour and force relations. â€Å"Human resource management is the new version of personnel management. There is no any watertight difference between human resource management and personnel management. However, there are some differences in the following matters† (accountlearning.blogspot.co.uk) Personnel management is an approach of managing people in the organization. However Human resource management is a modern approach of managing people and their strengths in the organization. Personnel management focuses on personnel administration, employee welfare however Human resource management focuses on development, motivation and maintenance of human resources in the organisations. Personnel Management Human Resource Management Meaning- The aspect of management that is concerned with the work force and their relationship with the entityShow MoreRelatedUNIT 21 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT2247 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ CONTENTS PAGE Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1.2 Content page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 L01.1.1 HR and Personnel Management differences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2.3 1.2 1.3 Tasks, role and activities of HR†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3.4 1.4 Lawful and regulatory requests†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3.4 Lo3 3.1 Motivational theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4.5.6 3.2 JOB Evaluation process and payment factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6.7 3.3 Varieties of reward systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7.8 3.4 Organisation monitors performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAssignment Unit 8 : Human Resource Management Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesWritten Assignment Unit 8 Human Resource Management University of the People Thesis Statement Our writing assignment for the final week of study is to visit, wikipedia.org and write about the topics of, recruitment of personnel, performance appraisals, and training and development. I shall define each of the three topics and also provide some personal insight into my experiences with each of these aspects of Human Resources. I was surprised that the assignment is directing us to Wikipedia, as moreRead MoreBam 411 Human Resource Management Unit 1 Examination801 Words   |  4 PagesBAM 411 Human Resource Management Unit 1 Examination Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/bam-411-human-resource-management-unit-1-examination/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com 1. ________ plan training activities. †¢ Managers †¢ Training specialists †¢ Corporate teachers †¢ Job analysts 2. ________ organize the training opportunities forRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Btec Unit 212841 Words   |  12 Pagescolbourne college STUDENT COVER PAGE TERM PAPER STUDENT’S NAME: Tashornna Simpson STUDENT ID NUMBER:COL 1269 COURSE TITLE: Human Resource Management COURSE UNIT: BTEC Unit 21 RESEARCH TITLE: IN PARTIAL COMPLETION OF: DATE: December 19,2014 NAME OF LECTURER: Mr. Oneil Francis TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE Page Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreEssay about Unit 16 Human Resource Management in Business3182 Words   |  13 Pagesunit 16 Human Resource Management in Business Introduction In this assignment I will discuss the internal and external factors to consider when planning human resource requirements. I will also discuss how employee’s skills are identified and explain why human resource planning is important to a business. An organisation such as Apple may in the future look at different ways to widen their market by thinking of an idea that hasn’t been touched upon yet. If Apple decided to do so thenRead MoreBoeing Company1159 Words   |  5 PagesPaper One reason why so many organizations succeed and be able to sustain their long-term goals is their effective and efficient organizational ability. The organizing function of management involves the allocation of the company resources. When the management of the organization allocates its resources with strategic planning and execution in mind, the organization can successfully satisfy the requirements of both internal and external stakeholders. On the other hand, when an organizationRead MoreSummary of Human Resource Management1577 Words   |  7 Pagesvery important that human research management to transform from being primarily administrative and operational to strategic partner. The reason is it important is because the human resource department plays a crucial role in determining the culture of an organization. Human resources promote and implement policies and procedures. The key areas are hiring practices, compensation, management relations and employee conduct an d behavior. The decisions made by the human resources department will effectRead MoreCase Study : Strategic Human Resource Planning908 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic human resource planning has seen the organization adopt effective tactics to help get the best out of employees (Briscoe, Schuler, Tarique, 2012). Google engineers are given the freedom to innovate and develop their innovations. The management does a little oversight to make sure everything is flowing smoothly. The company’s success has been a result of effective strategic planning, which has seen it beat its main competitors Yahoo and Microsoft. Organizing Organizing comes after planningRead MoreThe Long Term Performance Of A Company1558 Words   |  7 Pagesdecisions and actions taken by the highest level of the organization to achieve the performance targets. In this context, the strategic management is defined, therefore, as that set of decisions and actions taken by management to assess the long term performance of a company. The world of organizations in the past few years is turning more and more attention to human resources, since the quality and skills of the latter are a real competitive advantage for companies operating in all sectors. In the lastRead MoreThe Role Of Human Resource Management And The Strategy Process1462 Words   |  6 Pagespaper will review the role of human resource management (HRM) in the strategy process. This will include the function of recruitment and training programs in HRM, the concept of strategic fit and how human resource management can lead to a competitive advantage. Also I will look at compensation and benefits, relevance to my workplace, and my personal reflection. The manner in which an organization’s personnel are managed has a tangible influence on the productivity of the employees, which

Critical Evaluation - 1465 Words

PY1101 – Writing in Psychology APA 6th Edition â€Å"HOW TO† GUIDE In Psychology, we use the formatting guidelines as set out in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 6th Edition. This is a starter guide to the APA formatting guidelines. This guide is not all-inclusive, but will help get you started for your first assignment. Burton’s ‘An interactive approach to writing essays and research reports in Psychology’ is the best guide to help you with APA formatting and referencing. There are other resources online and in the library also. Setting up the Format You need to consider all aspects of the format of the document. The easiest thing to do is to adjust your ‘default’ settings in Microsoft†¦show more content†¦o Does the evidence support the argument? o Are the hypotheses proposed by the researchers appropriate? o Are the arguments made by the researchers weak? †¢ Examine the research methodology o Who were the participants in this study? o Does the research include a representative sample? o How were the participants recruited for this study? o How was the study conducted? †¢ Evaluate the results[1] o Are the results presented clearly? o Do the results support the hypotheses made by the researchers? o Are the results interpreted with insight? †¢ Analyse the conclusions/implications o Are the conclusions supported by the findings and other evidence? o Are the conclusions logical or are they beyond the scope of the study? Concluding paragraph: †¢ Synthesis of the findings form the critical evaluations. †¢ Draw a conclusions from the evidence. †¢ Provide recommendations for future research. References †¢ 1st Level Heading †¢ Starts on a new page †¢ Use APA style – no spaces between references, hanging indent format, alphabetical order (by leading author surname), authors’ initials only, no first names †¢ Only include references actually cited in the report but make sure that you include ALL sources cited in the report †¢ All sources MUST be cited in the text of the report where they are referred to †¢ Secondary citationsShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Critical Thinking1968 Words   |  8 Pages2014 Total word count :1,946 Introduction Generally, critical thinking mentions to going on a subject matter extremely intensely that should aid to seize out genuine data concerning the enumerated subject. So, it can additionally be said that critical thinking is established on the assumption whereas precise believed, logic, believed or believed is grasped out. Cohen et al. (1996) gave the believed of critical thinking to tackle the subjects of tunnel vision and data bias delineatedRead MoreCritical Thinking and Evaluation of Sources1038 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking and Evaluation of Sources Critical thinking is learning to think for yourself and to develop your own independent opinions, backed by sound reasoning and support. It is learning to drop the role of passive student and to assume the role of a self reliant thinker and researcher. Critical thinking enters into important decisions in your daily life and affects your growth process in school and work. The term critical thinking describes the deliberate thinking that helps you to decideRead MoreEssay about Critical Thinking: Evaluation1572 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Evaluation of an Academic Source Odetta Rodriguez Capella University Critical Evaluation of an Academic Source This paper is a summary of critical evaluation of the suitability of an article as an academic source. 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Du Bois rejected the latter’s willingness to avoid messing with the racial issues andRead MoreE1 Critical Evaluation And Evaluation896 Words   |  4 Pages Evaluation E1: The Research Processes Initially, to ensure a practical and purposeful outcome I conducted an extensive reading of secondary sources on Google search through using broad search terms such as ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’ and ‘Social Skills in Autism Spectrum Disorder’. The research process of literature review established that there were various sources that were relevant to my question. However, this introduced a challenge as several of these sources were not credible and or validRead Morecritical evaluation Essay852 Words   |  4 Pages Professor English 102 Critical Evaluation Essay: A Petition to the President of the United States The atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan in 1945 were not seen as a logical reaction to the war by everyone. Leo Szilard was a Hungarian physicist that was the first to conceive of the mechanics of the atomic bomb, and how it worked. He was fighting the use of these bombs on Japan, and trying to urge the President to reconsider the idea. Although he lost the argument overRead MoreThe Critical Evaluation Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pageslike for me to know before I read your essay? I want you to know that I tried my best to make sure the essay was legible and I hope I was able to stick to the guidelines of the assignments. The Critical Evaluation Essay Although the struggle for equality among the sexes has came a long way, the struggle continues today for many who will always be seen as inferior regardless of what they accomplish. Judith Sargent Murray’s, â€Å"On the Equality of theRead Morecritical evaluation essay764 Words   |  4 Pages English 102 Effectiveness in Writing September 18, 2014 Critical Evaluation Essay â€Å"Now We Can Begin† an essay by Crystal Eastman is a very powerful essay. Eastman makes the point know in her essay that an honest and true feminist no matter where she stands in the movement she will see to the woman’s fight with strength and courage and how it   matters in the future and as well as its difference in its approach for the workers fight for industrial freedom. Eastman state â€Å"In fighting for the right

Customer Focus - Service Focus and IT Focus

Question: Discuss about the Customer Focus, Service Focus and IT Focus. Answer: Introduction For a business to prosper, customer focus, service focus, and IT focus must be put into consideration. Customer focus is the direction in which you do your things to impress the customer. The customer is always right and therefore organizations should put into consideration complains made by the customers. When delivering services you should ensure that you work as per the customers standard so that the customer can be happy with your service. For this service to be implemented smoothly there should be the use of modern technology like online communication, 24 hours service for the customers and also receiving money through modern payment like visa cards and mobile money payment (Bhatt, 2010). Customer and service focus There are 2 different types of customers this is the internal customers and the external customers. Internal customers are persons who purchase the firms products yet they are the composition of the staff while external customers are institutions, companies or individuals who purchase the companys products yet they do not hold any shares of the company (Wilson, et al, 2012). For the company to prosper, they must consider their customers as the first priority. They should understand what best suit their customers and they should understand the amount of product which will best suit their customers. When less product is produced, there will be insufficient stock for the customers meaning they will shift for the alternative while when more are produced, there will be bulk resulting in wasting. The quality of goods also matters. Producing goods of high quality will ensure there is a good customer satisfaction hence greeting a good rapport with your customers. In your business, you should ensure that the customers are satisfied (Gronroos, 2011). Customer satisfaction is more of the feeling or attitude. It is not an objective statistics. When you deliver a quality good to the customer or the service you have offered is sufficient and the customer is happy about it, then the customer will pay promptly. When the payment is sufficient, the cash flow will improve in the organization and these customers will increase in number, the customers will occasionally check in and they will purchase more. When working on customer satisfaction, you should consider both the internal and the external customers. The service you offer to your customers should be more lucrative than your competitors. When you want to determine whether your customers are happy with the quality of goods and services you offer to them, you should not just look on the product alone, you should also determine the quality by the level of services connected with the product these services include; Packaging- packaging will enable your product to attract more customers Timely and accurate delivery/shipping- when the product is being taken to the customer, you should ensure it is received as at the agreed time. This built trust and confident hence the customer will always prefer your service (Tallon, 2008). The quality of the company is determined by the customers to define in terms of overall experience with the company so nothing should be neglected. In case the company offers goods and services that do not satisfy the need of the customer, the customer will defect. When a customer defects it means the customer has stopped hiring the service of the company or the customer no longer purchase the goods from the company. Losing a customer is a big downfall of the company while retaining the customer is a big benefit of the company. When you lose a potential customer, it will mean that your competitor has gained. Therefore, when the customer back out it is a threat to the organization these can happen when there is the poor quality of product or poor after sale service. On the other hand maintaining a customer is an advantage to the organization (Chaffey White, 2010). In the service sector, employee- customer satisfaction determines whether the customer will defect or the customer will stay. These services include nursing, airplane attendant among others. A Proper relationship with the customer means that the customer will stay whereas poor coordination means that the customer will defect and this will cause the company in their profit. These services are crucial since they involve face-face interaction. The main reason for the customer focus is to gain productivity in the public sector and to achieve profit in the private sector. Something which is confirmed is the relationship between customer and retention and profit (Gulati Oldroyd, 2005). When there is a good human resource management then there is good employee retention. Employee retention can also be beefed by organizing development methods such as team empowerment, building, and job development. When an employee is satisfied with the job condition he will not aim to walk away but when the conditions are poor, the employee will walk away. Employee satisfaction also relates to external services and customer satisfaction. Customers satisfaction are being driven by two basic ways this is the development key indicators or collect data regarding the perception of quality received by the customers. The key indicators for physical products may include; aesthetics, adaptability reliability, usability and functionality while major indicators for service are: communication skills, willingness to listen to customers, appearance of the physical facilities, responsiveness to requests, billing process, the safety of the service and courteousness of the employee (Lagrosen, 2001). To meet the level of services your business needs, customer focused quality management should be an essential part of your IT. IT is linked with giving out an ever-increasing line of product and services to the business. The quality of product and services must be maintained many best practices should aim at advancing the quality of these services and products offered by the IT. They are important quality management system. Some of the best quality management systems that every best practice should follow is; (Tallon, 2008). The first principal of quality management is to be customer focus. IT is used by many customers both the external and the internal customers and this customer use different products and they have different needs so for the needs to be achieved and the customer to be satisfied, the IT must be developed to meet the needs of every one failure to do this, customers will defect and employees will leave since their interests will not be catered for. There are four areas that should be understood while developing IT for the organization. The customer current needs, future needs should meet its requirement and should strive to surpass the quality this customer needs (Bhatt, 2010). The first area you should identify all of your products and services. This can be done by creating a catalog. In IT this catalogs should be simplified to cater for every sector. The second step is to identify all the customers who use your products and services either internal or external. Some services are used by everyone so through IT you can include them in the network infrastructure The third step is to determine the customer requirement. This is a key product of quality management and customer focus. It can be achieved through IT and the best way to achieve it is by asking customers questions and applying to their questions as per their needs. Finally, after understanding the need of your customers, you have identified your products then the final step is on the delivery of this products. To give customers what they want, you need to meet the customers expectations or you perform more than what the customer is expecting. An IT department should do not less than meet the expectation of every customer. They should strive to exceed the expectation of each customer. The IT should also be flexible and should update product and services provided by the change in the need (Lagrosen, 2001). For a good IT in the organization, it has to have: Strategic vision: a good IT in a business must have strategic goals. These strategic goals should be long term, near term, and short term. Success criteria must be clearly defined and routinely reviewed. Vision translation: the strategic vision should be presented to the IT staffs and they should work hand in hand with other departments to achieve that. Strategic frame work: This should enlighten how the IT is prepared to tackle the strategies planned by the organization (Chaffey White, 2010). Conclusion Customer focus, service focus, and IT focus is an essential measure for any business to perform. For your business to be of the top class, you must ensure that your customers are happy and satisfied. When your customers are happy, they refer doing business with you and they can also refer other people to you. When this is done, you will increase the cash hence increased profit, on the other hand, IT is a basic concept in todays organizations. Organizations should employ modern technologies to ensure they a bid by customers need and also they compete favorably with their competitors (Jones, 2010). Reference list Bhatt, G. D., Emdad, A. F. (2010). An empirical examination of the relationship between information technology (IT) infrastructure, customer focus, and business advantages. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 12(1), 4-16. Chaffey, D., White, G. (2010). Business information management: improving performance using information systems. Pearson Education. Grnroos, C. (2011). A service perspective on business relationships: The value creation, interaction, and marketing interface. Industrial marketing management, 40(2), 240-247. Gulati, R., Oldroyd, J. B. (2005). The quest for customer focus. Harvard Business Review, 83(4), 92-101. Jones, G. R. (2010). Organizational theory, design, and change. Upper Saddle River: Pearson. Kohli, R., Grover, V. (2008). Business value of IT: An essay on expanding research directions to keep up with the times. Journal of the association for information systems, 9(1), 23. Lagrosen, S. (2001). Strengthening the weakest link of TQM-from customer focus to customer understanding. The TQM Magazine, 13(5), 348-354. Tallon, P. P. (2008). Inside the adaptive enterprise: an information technology capabilities perspective on business process agility. Information Technology and Management, 9(1), 21-36. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., Gremler, D. D. (2012). Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw-Hill.

Why We Can’t Wait an Example by

Why We Can’t Wait Introduction In the early 1960s, the United States was a land of opportunity for the white majority and deprivation and discrimination for the African-American minority. Led by Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights movement at this time reached its apex, as evidenced by Kings pivotal book Why We Cant Wait, a combination social commentary and call to action. This research will focus on several facets of Kings philosophy and this highly influential book itself. Need essay sample on "Why We Cant Wait" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals: Who wants to write assignment for me? Essay writers advise: Essay Help Provided Here With Beneficial Facilities! Original Essays For Sale Write A Paper Essay Writing Service Write My Essay Online Reviews How the Author Develops and Supports the Arguments Made in the Works Title The title of Kings book, Why We Cant Wait, in fact is presented within the book as both an argument and a call to action. King develops and supports these assertions through the citation of several pivotal events in the Civil Rights movement which not only showed that progress was being made, but also that there was much more work to be done. Chief among these are the passage of significant Civil Rights legislation by President John F. Kennedy as well as the massive success of a march on the national capitol of Washington DC, led by King and attended by hundreds of thousands of African-Americans in search of equality in a nation which up to that point did little to accept minorities as equals (King, 1965). Why Society So Violently Resisted the Civil Rights Movement Society as a whole was so violently against the Civil Rights movement for a variety of reasons. At the core of the opposition was the inherited racism and prejudice that was predominant in many American communities at the time when Martin Luther Kings crusade was at its strongest. Additionally, for the white majority, the uprising of a new class of people who would demand equal access to the assets of society- good paying jobs, social programs, equal housing as a few quick examples-seemed to threaten the monopoly that whites held on all of the best that society had to offer. Therefore, a combination of hatred and greed led to violent opposition in this case. Remedies Proposed by King In Why We Cant Wait, Martin Luther King did not advocate a violent overthrow of the white majority, as many falsely believe and claim; rather, he proposed a sweeping system of reimbursement for African-Americans due to the discrimination and harm that they suffered for centuries before Kings movement, as well as a system of comprehensive government programs to help African-Americans to gain the economic viability, social equality, and advancement opportunity that the majority had received in America since the days when the colonies were established on the North American continent (King, 1965). The idea of non-violence needs to be discussed in more detail, as it forms the backbone of Why We Cant Wait. King speaks at length in the book about not taking the quick path of violence against the majority as a source of cheap revenge, but rather to use an intelligent, civilized system of organized protest to make valid points. One of the tools which King was a master at using was the organized boycott; for example, boycotts of the Birmingham, Alabama bus system on the part of African-Americans quickly led to the relaxation of segregated seating on those buses, which in itself represented a huge milestone for the Civil Rights movement. Conclusion: How Far Have We Actually Come? On January 20, 2009, a huge milestone in the Civil Rights movement, and the fruition of the dreams for which Martin Luther King gave his life was realized when the United States of America inaugurated Barack Obama, the nations first African-American president. While this is truly a momentous milestone for the quest for equality, the question remains as to exactly how far the Civil Rights movement has come as a whole in the decades since Martin Luther King wrote, spoke and advocated for the cause of equality. In the present day, even in light of an African-American holding what many consider to be the most powerful position in the world, America is still a land where ones racial/financial standing dictates how they are treated in regard to education, access to social programs, employment and more. The proof of this is proliferation of degraded urban areas where minorities are forced to live and go to school, as well as the lack of employment opportunities in those communities. Moreover, the typical minority neighborhood, in addition to the blight and poverty, is infested with the deadly combination of crime and violence, fueled in large part to the purchase and sale of illegal drugs. While many would say that it is the responsibility of minorities to pull themselves up by their own proverbial boot straps, the blind eye of the government, law enforcement and corporate America makes it very difficult for this to take place. Therefore, in conclusion, what needs to be understood is that the w ork of Martin Luther King needs to continue. Works Cited King, Jr., Martin Luther (1964). Why We Cant Wait. New York: Signet Books

The eNotes Blog ZZZZzzzz Ten Books We CouldntFinish

ZZZZzzzz Ten Books We CouldntFinish My home is filled with books. Books on shelves, books overflowing shelves, books on my nightstand, in the kitchen, in the bathroom, on the floor. Most I manage to get through, if not always enjoy. I am a big believer in seeing it through.   Most of my friends feel the same way. AND YET there are always a few that we just cannot seem to finish.   Some are classics that we know we should complete before the inevitable Rise of the Librarians comes to quiz us with tasers. Others are books friends raved about.or best sellers that have evoked a lot of fussfor no reason YOU can discern. Whatever the reason, here are confessions of my well-read friends and colleagues, many of them English professors, so I will have to give them Code Names so their students never find out their dark, dark, secrets. 1.   Moby Dick  by Herman Melville Dense passage about the physiognomy of whales: the poor mans Ambien.   We all know that this should be read. And many of us keep trying. Its our own. yeah, you guessed it  Moby Dick  (Insert groaning here.) 2.   The Lord of the Rings  by J.R.R. Tolkien More Viggo Mortensen would have made this seemingly-endless series more interesting for  me. Skipping the endless songs moves things right along though. Save yourself some time and listen to some Zep to catch up on everything you need to know about what you glossed over. 3.   Paradisio  by Dante Alighieri   Another popular snooze-fest, this comment sums up our feelings in general:   I cant finish Paradisio. The torments of The Inferno and even Purgatorio appeal to my sense of schadenfreude, but people in heaven and Beatrice? BO-RING. 4.   Anything by Stephen King   I must say, in Kings defense, that his text  On Writing  Ã‚  is one of my favorites. However, King, to me, and many others, is like the Costco of literature. Do you really need that giant box of paper towels? Or that giant stack of largely interchangeable plots and characters? 5.   Fifty Shades of Grey  by E L James Yall need to get out more. 6.   Infinite Jest  by David Foster Wallace Not even my love for hot, mentally unstable professorial crazy guys can get me through Infinite Jest. Lordy, how Ive tried. 6.   A Confederacy of Dunces  by John Kennedy Toole I am beginning to think that I wont buy anymore books by authors with three names serial killer have three names too neither has a positive outcome. 7.   Great Expectations  by Charles Dickens Howls of outrage, I know. Please dont wake me with your yammering about him. 8.   Ã‚  The Life and Opinions of  Ã‚  Tristram Shandy  by Laurence Stern I remain convinced that no one ever reads this for pleasure (you are a liar, sir yes, you over there. LIAR!) and it exists only on graduate school syllabi to weed out the weenies among us. 9.   Freedom  by Jonathan Franzen He-Who-Snubbed-the-Mighty-Oprah Jonathan Franzen. The last time I went to the clearance aisle at Half Price Books, there were at least a half a dozen hardback copies going for a whopping $3.00.   Hey, thats was beer that was sitting on our shelves doing nothing! Cute bird, though. 10.   Clarissa, or, The History of a Young Lady  by Samuel Richardson   Though it was amusing to read Clarissa defending her virtue WHILE writing in her diary, at 808 pages, this relic from graduate school currently serves a a doorstop in my bedroom. True story. All right, readers. Confession time. What books have YOU never managed to complete? Cmon. We wont judge you! Much

Freshman Checklist What to Take with You to Dorm

Freshman Checklist What to Take with You to Dorm Many first-year students are excited about entering college and moving out of the parents house to start an adult living. If you are one of those students who are about to move into a dorm but have no idea what you should take with you, this article is just for you. How Many Clothes You Need Some students overestimate their need in clothes or everyday necessities. Others, in their turn, underestimate it. If you dont know how many clothes you should take with you, think this way: define how many times per month you will be able to do your laundry and take just as much as you need for this period plus a little extra. For example, if you are planning on doing your laundry twice a month, you will need as many clothes as you will wear for two weeks plus an outfit or two just in case. A lot of former students also recommend to take no more than two suitcases of clothes. However, suitcases can vary in size, so its hard to tell if you will have enough of clothes this way (or too many of it). By the way, we have a few tips for you on how to pack your things and organize them. You should also always consider going home to get more stuff or return some of it back. For example, students who have an opportunity to travel home for weekends, holidays, or breaks can easily take much fewer clothes. They also can take only seasonal garments and bring them back home to take what they need for the next season. Basics Every student needs to take not only their clothes but also the basic things which they will use every day. The list of such items may vary depending on your needs and habits. However, usually the checklist of necessary things for dorm will look something like this (we created this post in the form of a convenient checklist, so you can just print this page): Bedding A pillow (better two of them) and a set of pillowcases A comforter or a duvet Duvet covers A mattress protector (if you can also buy a mattress topper, that will be excellent you never know what bed you will get and how bad the mattress will be) Sheets (at least two of them, but four is better) BathLaundry Shower towels (at least 2 of them) Shower flip-flops (because you dont want to be barefoot in a dorm shower) A bathrobe A shower caddy A small mirror Hair care products and a comb A liquid body wash and a mesh sponge (soap bars become messy and also you dont want to drop it or put on a shelf in a communal shower) Dental care products Toilet paper and wet wipes (better take a lot) Feminine products A razor A laundry detergent A drying rack (if there are no dryers in your dorm laundry room) You can also take a laundry basket or hamper. However, you can use a big plastic bag to store your dirty clothes (which will take less space), so there is no reason to buy and take one with you. Kitchen Tools A few plates, a bowl, a mug, and silverware (because you will definitely want some ramen at 3 AM) Paper towels A can and bottle opener A water filter A coffee maker (also can be used to boil water for tea and ramen) or an electric kettle A hot pot cooker (if allowed) Food containers Also, you might need: A mini-fridge (even if you have a communal fridge, its always better to have a few drinks right in your room) A microwave (if allowed) A water bottle School Supplies Spiral notebooks Binders Notebook paper Plain paper Pens and pencils An eraser A stapler with a pack of staples An agenda or a planner Scissors Sticky notes Folders A hole puncher Paper clips A calculator A ruler Highlighters Also, you might need: A backpack (or any bag that you will take with you) A desk lamp Desk organizers (for your notes and assignments) A USB-drive Other Useful Necessities: An extension cord Earplugs (because sometimes your roommate might be too noisy) Headphones A laptop with a charger A phone with a charger Storage boxes/bins (which you can put under your bed to save some space) Hangers and clothes organizers (there are a lot of different space saving hangers) Hooks for clothes, bath towels, etc. (you will definitely need a few of them) A door stop A fan Room Decor Christmas lights (they always look good in any dorm room and instantly make one more cozy and stylish. By the way, check out our article on how to make your dorm room neat and beautiful) A bean bag chair A rug A plant Some posters What Things You Might Not Think of But Which You Will Need Some things that might be not that obvious to put into your packing list. However, some of the following items are crucial to be taken with you as you will definitely need them even if you dont think so now. Such things might be: A nail file and clippers Tweezers A multi-tool (in case you need to fix something in your room) A stain remover Room air freshener Cleaning cloth A multi-purpose cleaner A dustbuster A mop Extra batteries A first-aid kit An eye-mask (for situations when your roommate is up, but you need to sleep). An umbrella Many students admit that when they were going to the dorm for the first time, they didnt know for sure what things they will actually need for their everyday life. As a result, they packed too many unnecessary things that caused some difficulties later. For example, you might get a small room which wouldnt fit all your belongings, or you might have to move out sometime, and will have too much stuff to take with you. So, think twice before packing anything. You might also consider talking to your future roommate (if you know who you will live with) and decide who will bring what and other roommate rules and deals. For example, you dont really need to have two mops in your room; also, you both can use one coffeemaker. So, you can easily save some space in your room and some money.

Unit 4-Money & Finance (ASUSTek) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 4-Money & Finance (ASUSTek) - Research Paper Example In 2013, the companys profit index was 59, 570.1 (ASUSTek Computer Inc, 2015). Consequently, the profit margin in 2014 was 65, 383.8 was a significant increase from the year 2013. The sales in 2013 were impressive as most of the products in various markets were sold off. The company sold about 50% of its stock in 2013. In 2014, the companys stock positive rallied with the market registering 63% of the sales (ASUSTek Computer Inc, 2015). The companys profit index has been on the incline over the last two years. In 2013, the company had a profit margin of about 59, 570.1. ASUSTek was productive in the subsequent year gaining by almost 3% to register a profit margin of 65, 383.8 (ASUSTek Computer Inc, 2015). The companys productivity can be linked to better strategic orientation and planning. ASUSTek Computer Inc uses its resource to create revenues based on a combination of factors. Most of the companys resources go into the development of strategies aimed at enhancing the organizations productivity. The company conducts frequent market surveys to determine key sectors of the market that require certain products (Global Sources, 2010). Consequently, the company employs its resources to promote its products through advertisements and branding. Moreover, most of the resources are used in the technological processes. Such tendencies aid the company to gain leverage over other entities in the market. One of the most important lessons learned about the company is that it has continued to grow over the past few years after the recession period. Over the past four years, the companys profit index has significantly increased effectively making it one of the global market leaders. The companys growth can be linked to the unique strategic instruments employed by the company. The areas of promotion, pricing and distribution mix are key to the companys productivity in the market. The company has registered significant

Remarriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Remarriage - Research Paper Example The divorce rate in the United States has been rising. One rough estimate suggests that almost half of all marriages in the United States result in divorce. But what is worth noticing is that many people try to find happiness and joy in their lives by getting remarried. One research, on the other hand, points out that people who undergo divorce will not be able to fully recover from the trauma that they face. The shock that people experience and its implications on their minds and body is immense and may repair but in the long run will surface one way or the other. People who go through a divorce find it incredibly excruciating to recover from the pain. In many cases, it can not only cripple a person financially, but also makes it tough to socialize. And these effects are apparent in a few individuals even when a person remarries as these instances remain like old scars. The research also pointed out that the people who have been divorced will be more prone to develop chronic conditi ons like health problems, obesity and diabetes and find themselves limited in movement compared to people who are still successfully married. It will be prudent to mention here that research done earlier has pointed out that marriage has been very beneficial to partners in terms of mental, physical and financial aspects. Therefore, by getting remarried men and women who have been divorced may not be able to recuperate from the pain and suffering they underwent from their divorce but they will be able to come back on the track of a healthy and productive life. This will ultimately help the children of the family as they will find the frustration that their parents felt vanish and find them more delighted and relaxed compared to when they were single (Park 2009). Remarriages are difficult for those families who have seen marriages dissolved abruptly. When a marriage is dissolved due to the death of one partner, it is often very hard to reconsider to remarry, let alone substitute the l ost partner. When the family has children, the situation becomes very complex. The reason is that children create bonds with their parents that cannot be easily substituted and also are very hard to replicate. After a parent’s death, children find themselves becoming defensive, protective and distrustful. In moments like, these jealousy and bitterness in children are often noticed not only against the new person trying to marry their parent but also against their parent as they feel that he or she is betraying their deceased parent. There is also another issue that results in children of mature ages. More research and study has been carried out on remarriages and their implication on children has been focused on smaller ages. But the effect of remarriage on adult children has been to some greater extent ignored. An adult child who has spent a considerable time with their parents is most reclusive and hesitant to greet a new parent into their lives after their parent’s death. The reason for this conflict is that children have to recognize that there are going to be new boundaries and there will be new traditions. Also they have to accept a new step parent into their house and see them where their own parents would eat or sit. It also brings out the conflict and the challenge to get everyone’s demands from the family to converge and coexist without any

The reason salmons are overfished Essay Example for Free

The reason salmons are overfished Essay Description:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Preferred language style: English (U.S.).   This is for the resource economy class. The subject is `Why salmons are overfished and how to protect it. ` There are no special instructions. I want u guys write down the explanation of salmons first and get to the subject then. Thank u.   Salmon is a unique fish which follows a very unique lifecycle.   It has an elongated body and is covered with rounded and small scales.   Between the tail fin and the dorsal fin, a fleshy fin is present.    It belongs to the same family of fishes that certain other fishes such as trout, whitefish, etc, belong (Salmonidae).   Salmon fishes can grow to a length of 86 cms and can weigh about 3.6 kilograms.   Salmon is caught for its meat and also as game.   Salmon usually feed on smaller fishes, aquatic life and insects. The salmon are migratory in nature and hence are found in sea water and in fresh water.   It is usually found only in the northern hemisphere.   The life cycle of the salmon has really been unique in nature.   The female adult Salmon lay their eggs in rivers, ponds or lakes.   The spawn develop in the fresh water and slowly the young salmon migrate to the sea water.   In the sea and the oceans, the salmon grow up.   Once the Salmon are ready to breed, they move upstream from the seas into the rivers and towards inlands.   If the salmon cannot find their way to the sea, as the water body may be landlocked, they may grow and develop in the lake or pond it (MSN Encarta, 2007 NMFS, 2008).   The Salmon that grows up in the ocean would turn up exactly in the same place that they were born and grew up.   In order to reach the place of their birth, the salmon would have to travel upstream several hundreds or thousands of miles.   This is one of the unique characteristics of the Salmon, and only in certain areas of the world, would it be possible to move from a sea into a lake found inland.   Hence, Salmon are found only in certain parts of the world.   Another unique thing of the Salmon fish is that the adults spawn only once in their lifetime. Following their spawning, the adult male dies and this process is known as ‘semelparity’.   Depending on the characteristics of the fresh water the Salmon would be thriving in, individual characteristics are produced.   The juvenile Salmon that is actually produced would spend about one to three years in the more friendly fresh water lakes, rivers and ponds.   After this period, they would move into the oceans and the seas through the downstream of the river.   The female salmon usually produce about 3 to 5 nests during the season.   Following mating, the eggs hatch within 42 to 60 days (MSN Encarta, 2007 NMFS, 2008).   The young salmon fry that is produced would feed on the river aquatic life and plankton.   The juvenile salmon have parr marks on its body, which it would shortly lose after it enters the oceans.   They appear black in color and have white abdomen.   Initially, the salmon fish can process freshwater, and once they enter the sea, the metabolic processes in the salmon would change in such a way that it can now process seawater.   Even the mechanisms in the gills would change so that it can breathe in oxygen in seawater.   In the rivers, the salmon would be feeding on plankton and other aquatic life.   However, in the oceans, the salmon would be feeding on squids, marine fishes, amphipods, etc.   The Salmon would be remaining in the oceans for a period of 2 to 3 years.   It is usually beyond the fourth year that the salmon would be returning through the rivers to the land to spawn.   Several species of salmon would be spending their entire lifetime in the rivers and the lakes, and would not actually migrate into the seas.    Such species are known as ‘non-anadromous types’.   Sometimes although the salmon can actually migrate to the oceans during their life, some of the juveniels would remain back.   They would mate with the anadromous types.   The initial few years of the lifetime of the salmon is spent in the lakes for growing and developing.   Later they migrate to the seas and spend about half of their lifetime there.   In the last year or few months of their lifetime, the salmon would migrate from the sea to the place of birth and would spawn there (MSN Encarta, 2007 NMFS, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the spawning period, the salmon develop a drab color.   However, certain species of salmon may develop brighter hues.   In the mating season, the salmon have a hooked snout and their backs appear to be humped.   Usually, the salmon prefer shallow water which contain rocks and gravel for spawning, as it offers the eggs a huge amount of protection from predators.   The water in these Shallow River or lakes needs to flow rapidly.   The mating process of the salmon is very unique indeed.   One of the parents makes a nest or ‘redd’ for the fertilized eggs to develop.   The female lays down the unfertilized eggs in the bottom of the nest.   The male then releases the sperms over these eggs. Following this, the female digs up the bottom of the riverbed to ensure that the earth covers up the eggs.   During the entire process of migrating to the river from the seas, building the nests and mating, the salmon would not consume any food.   Depending on the temperature, species and the flow of the water, the eggs of the salmon would hatch anywhere between 40 to 60 days.   Once the eggs of the salmon hatch, the newborn known as ‘alevins’ stay in the nest and feed on the nutrients present in the yolk sacs attached to their bodies.   Once these nutrients get exhausted, the young salmon are known as ‘fry’ and slowly come out from the nests. They now feed on small aquatic plants, insects and debris found in the riverbeds.   The fry grow and develop in the rivers and develop vertical bars on the sides of their bodies that help in camouflage (parr).   When the juvenile salmon are about to begin their journeys into the sea, they become bright silver in color and are known as ‘smolts’.   They would spend about 2 years in the oceans where they become sexually mature in order to reproduce.   Then they would begin their journey upstream (MSN Encarta, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are slight amount of differences in the salmon found in the Pacific Ocean and in the ones found in the Atlantic Ocean.   The Pacific salmon would not return to the oceans after spawning once, but the Atlantic salmon would return upstream to their place of birth every year, breed and then return back into the ocean.   The breeding season for the Atlantic salmon is October to November.   An Atlantic salmon can live for up to 4 years, whereas a Pacific salmon can live for 4 to 5 years.   An Atlantic salmon would weigh 4 to 6 kgs in weight, and a Pacific salmon would weigh 7 to 11 kgs in weight (MSN Encarta, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Salmon are caught in fresh waters and in sea waters for their meat, both on a small scale and on a large scale.   Fishing corporations use nets in order to catch the Salmon during the spawning season.   This may vary from one geographic location to another.   Different species of salmon also migrate during different seasons of the year in order to spawn.   Huge salmon fishing activities go on along the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of North America.   More than 60, 000 humans work in the Salmon fishing industry and more than one billion is generated as revenue.   Some of the countries that are involved in the Salmon fishing business include USA, Canada, Britain, Russia, Japan, Norway and Denmark.    These fisheries also help to grow and develop the young salmon in artificial hatcheries.   These young salmon are collected from the nests and are incubated in the hatcheries.   They are then released into the rivers ahead of time.   The hatcheries offer protection for the young salmon from their natural predators.   However, the artificial salmon have a poor genetic variety as compared to their counterparts which are breed in the natural environment.   This can make them less resistant to disease, environment hazards and genetic diseases (MSN Encarta, 2007). However, there are several issues concerning the salmon currently, as it is being overfished in several parts of the world.   50 years back, more than 2.5 million to 5 million brood salmon existed in the oceans.   In 1970’s, about 800, 000 existed, which shrunk to 300, 000 by 1996.   In the year 2007, only about 80, 000 remain the oceans.   As Salmon spend a greater proportion of their lives in fresh waters, they are a great risk that they could be overfished and thus become extinct.   Several states in the US and Canada are considering to enlist the Salmon fish as endangered or threatened under their individual Endangered Species Statues. Further, the salmon that are in the spawning process are specifically targeted as they present in the fresh waters during this period.   As the spawning salmon are targeted, there is a greatest risk that the species is in a great danger of not multiplying.   In the Sacramento River, the Chinook Salmon were very common, growing and multiplying in huge quantities.   However, today, they have almost disappeared from their natural habitat.   The regional fisheries have actually invested more than 150 million dollars in order to save the species, but nothing can be done to save the Salmon in several parts of the Sacramento River.   The government and other organizations need to act fast if anything can be done to save the salmon. People feel that either too many Salmon are being removed from the river at any given time or that the Salmon are being removed at a wrong point of time.   The remaining fish that may exist in the river are at the risk of being attacked with disease or from predators.   However, some fisherman considers that the problems lie in the ocean itself that may be providing conditions unfavorable to the Salmon.   Some fisherman also considers that Salmon are often sucked into the irrigation tubes and irrigation canals of several irrigation projects that provide water for agricultural purposes. The problem could also lie in the fact that the oceans, rivers, lakes and ponds are much more polluted than they were actually were a few decades back.   The Chinook salmon is actually protected by Local rules and regulations In San Francisco region.   A Salmon would also require proper nutrition and food in order to survive the journey to the sea.   Scientists feel that a drop in several aquatic and marine lives can directly affect the salmon. The ocean currents that actually bring in plankton and krill required for the salmon have gone out of tune since 2005.   In 2005, several salmon which actually entered the oceans have actually died due to starvation.   In a study conducted in San Francisco, it was found that only 4 out of the 200 salmon reached the oceans (that is about 2 %).   Several dams and irrigations projects have actually ruined the path of the salmon and have made them more susceptible to predators (Felicity Barringer, 2008, William K. Stevens, 1999, Ian Main, 2006). Some of the reasons as to why the salmon are reducing in number could be as follows:- There has been a sudden increase in the amount of commercial, industrial and recreational overfishing.   These seem to be a major threat to the salmon as often the young ones and the spawning ones are caught.   However, fishing can be regulated and is within the control by jurisdiction. Aquaculture has been conducted in order to save the species of extinction by raising them in a controlled environment and releasing them when they are grown up.   However, often fish which are susceptible to diseases and which can spread infectious and genetic diseases to other fishes are produced and released. Irrigations projects could hamper the progress of the salmon from their birth place to the sea and vice-versa.   Salmon can often not find their way home from the oceans.   Besides, several salmon may fall prey to several predators on the way to the oceans.   In the city of Washington itself, more than 1000 irrigation projects hamper the progress of salmon.   In certain areas fish ladders have been introduced to help the fish through their natural course.   However, in the process several fishes have become injured and are unable to continue with their onward journey. Several forest operations have caused pollutions of the rivers.   Slit from several projects have made the rivers dirty and uninhabitable.   Trees have been removed near several rivers, making it difficult fro the salmon to bear the temperatures of the water. Farming and ranching activities have added further insult to the problem of salmons.   Livestock have disturbed aquatic life and farming activities have changed the quality of the water found in rivers. Mining the riverbeds for gravel has caused a lot of problems for the salmon.   The nest containing the developing eggs and alevins has been disturbed.   Rivers are often polluted from such activities. Several cities developing near important rivers have created a lot of problems for the salmon.   Waste water from homes and industries has polluted the river water making it difficult for the salmon to survive.   River water is often diverted to homes and industries for use, thus drying up the rivers. Artificial salmon hatcheries are also causing problems for the salmon.   Hatcheries usually collect male and female adult salmon, remove their sperms and unfertilized eggs, and artificially fertilize the eggs.   The eggs are then raised artificially and young fry are produced.   These fry may be released into the environment.   However, some of the fish are returned to the hatchery unknowingly.   This can cause several problems in the quality of salmon that are ultimately produced. Several other species such as muscles, crabs, aquatic plants, weeds, etc are competing with the salmon for spaces in lakes, rivers, and sea. Several aquatic lives that are protected are multiplying at uncontrollable rates, and directly feed on the salmon, thus affecting the numbers left in the oceans. Global warming also seems to be a problem for the salmon, as they usually prefer cooler waters for breeding and spawning. Through pollution and other activities in the rivers, the levels of oxygen are reducing, making it difficult for the salmon to survive. In Several places in the world, such as Greenland and even in parts of Canada, the temperatures have drooped during severely during winter times, making it more difficult for the salmon to survive in the rivers and the seas. The population of seabirds has increased which are constant predators for salmon. (The Oregonian, 2008, Felicity Barringer, 2008, Ian Main, 2006) Protection of Salmons need to be done involving several organizations including NGO’s, Governmental organizations, local groups, tribal’s, etc.   Besides, resources have to be allocated at very stages to help recover the populations of salmons.   A separate project strategy should be developed by various stakeholders for saving the salmon.   This project strategy should have certain goals which including saving the number of the existing adult and juvenile salmons.   The project should aim at reaching a particular target within a specified timeframe. The targets of the project should be achievable.   Various stakeholders and organizations should exhibit a collaborative effort.   Immense planning and sharing of responsibilities and roles is required.   Options should also be available in case a path is not feasible.   Activities in order to m monitor the events taking place, determining the outcome of the project, developing a modified strategy, etc, also need to be determined.   Some of the measures that may be required in order to protect the salmon include:- Protecting the existent salmon adult and juvenile populations Protecting areas and forests near the rivers and lakes Imposing rules and regulations to protect the salmon Working with wildlife and fisheries groups Using research in breeding and hatchery techniques Having irrigation projects that would not affect the salmon population Using genetic engineering in hatcheries Collaborative efforts from state government, central government, local groups, NGO’s, tribal groups, etc Developing reforms in the hatcheries (Dave G. Butcher, 2001, Madrona, 2000, James L. Connaughton, 2006)          References: Council on Environmental Quality (1999). ‘President Clinton and Vice President Gore Protecting Pacific Salmon.† The White House, 3 May 2008.   http://environmentalcommons.org/salmon.html Dave G. Butcher (2001). â€Å"Protecting Our Salmon.† British Columbia University. 3 May 2008. http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/technology/sampunits/salmon.pdf Felicity Barringer (17 Mar 2008). â€Å"Chinook Salmon Vanish Without a Trace.† NY Times. 3 May 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/17/science/earth/17salmon.html Ian Main (2006). â€Å"Fish Fate—Major Reasons Salmon Are in Trouble.† Ian Main. 3 May 2008. http://www.fishfirst.org/picts/documents/JLC_Salmon_Speech_1_25_06.pdf James L. Connaughton (2006). Columbia River Salmon Recovery: A Comprehensive and Collaborative Management Strategy.† White House Council on Environmental Quality. 3 May 2008. http://www-tc.pbs.org/emptyoceans/educators/activities/docs/Salmon-Scavenger-Hunt-fish-fate.pdf Madrona (2000). â€Å"A Shared Strategy for Recovery of Salmon in Puget Sound.† Draft Shared Strategy. 3 May 2008. http://www.sharedsalmonstrategy.org/files/SharedStrategyDraft10.20.00.pdf MSN Encarta. â€Å"Salmon (fish).† Microsoft. 3 May 2008. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558965_2/Salmon_(fish).html NMFS. â€Å"Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka).† NOAA Fisheries. 3 May 2008.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/sockeyesalmon.htm The Oregonian (17 Mar 2008). â€Å"The salmon crisis arrives.† The Oregonian. 3 May 2008. http://www.oregonlive.com/editorials/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/editorial/12055443169430.xmlcoll=7 William K. Stevens (14 September 1999). â€Å"As a Species Vanishes, No One Can Say Why.† William K. Stevens. 3 May 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/091499sci-animal-salmon.html More Information: http://www.grinningplanet.com/2005/06-07/overfishing-article.htm http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/10/3/l_103_02.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/769646.stm

Resolving Conflicts in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun Essay

Resolving Conflicts in A Raisin In The Sun       A mother is the heart of every home. Mothers try to maintain order within a household while encouraging creativity and idealism. In the play A Raisin In The Sun, Mother understands that her children need to form and strengthen their beliefs as they come to realize their personal aspirations. She is the head of the family around whom the conflicts arise and are resolved.    After the death of her husband, Mother struggles to keep her family together by providing the support and guidance they need, and encouraging them to use good judgment and think of the family as a whole before making their decisions. As the family faces various obstacles, each seemingly more severe than the last, Mother begins to doubt her own abilities to raise her children. Although, while in the process of overcoming these obstacles, Mother's strength as a parent is reaffirmed as her children find themselves returning to the values that were instilled upon them in order to resolve their respective conflicts.    The first conflict, which carries on throughout the dra... ...   Conneticut.  Ã‚   Greenwood Press,1998.    Draper, James P. Black Literature Criticisms. Detroit: Gale Research Incorporated, 1992.    Hansberry, Lorraine.   A Raisin in the Sun.   New York:   Signet, 1988.    May, Elaine Tyler. Homeward Bound. New York. Basic Books, 1988.    Patterson, James T.   Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974. New York. Oxford University Press,1996.    Wilkerson, Margaret B. "The Sighted Eyes and Feeling Heart of Lorraine Hansberry." Black American Literature Forum 17.1 (1983): 8-13.   

Hamsters and Guinea Pigs Comparison

Katrina 10/23/12 English 1 honors Mr. Martin. Hamster and guinea pigs ESSAY: Hamsters and guinea pigs are two completely different animals. The most obvious difference is that hamsters are very small; they can fit in the palm of your hand. Guinea pigs are much larger, generally weighs around 3 pounds or so when fully grown. Hamsters are native to Europe and Asia while the guinea pig is native to South America. That's one difference which shows they are not related. Although the two eat approximately the same foods, the guinea pig is much larger and is commonly used as a food animal in the Andes Mountains.The hamster is strictly a pet or laboratory animal. Although they are both rodents and are popular as pets, hamster and guinea pigs have many differences such as there body and their behavior. ‘Guinea pig' is the common name for members of the species Cavia porcellus. They are native to South America in the wild, weigh roughly 700-1200 grams, and usually live for around five ye ars. Guinea pigs are tailless, herbivorous, and live in social colonies in the wild. They are active during the day. The guinea pig is very likely to get into space when space habitats are finally developed.They breed easily, have several litters per year, and mature quickly. A guinea pig gets about 5 times the size of a hamster, and eats more like a rabbit. They are both good pets though. They do look a lot alike, but are completely unrelated. Guinea pigs are a whole different species. Possibly not even rodents, scientists are debating that. Guinea pigs are the larger of the two, they don't have a tail but they have a bump where there tail should have been. Guinea pigs are usually the hardest to train but once trained they will be very attached to you. Guinea pigs like to be kept in pair's or groups.A perfect example of a social animal that enjoys each other’s company and like living outside. A guinea pig is bigger, and has a life span of about 5 to 10 years. Hamsters can ac tually be one of several species from the genus Phodopus (dwarf hamsters), Cricetulus (includes dwarf and normal sized species) or Mesocricetus. The most common pet hamster is Mesocricetus auratus, the Syrian hamster. Size of pet hamsters is usually around 5-15cm. The hamsters have little short hairless tails and prefer to live a solitary lifestyle, only coming together to mate.They are omnivores, mostly eating only seeds and fruits, but may also eat things like insects in the wild. Hamsters can live for around 1. 5 to 2 years and are nocturnal, being most active when it is dark. Hamsters are generally nocturnal which means that they will sleep in the night, but you can train them not too. Hamsters aren't as clean as guinea pigs but they can be taught to use a litter box. Hamsters must be kept alone because of the fact that they are very territorial. Hamsters are usually solitary with the exception of dwarfs who can live happily in groups, they have a lifespan from 1. years to 3 yea rs, but some can live longer. There are also different breeds of hamster, ranging from tiny Robo, Chinese & Russian dwarf hamster to bigger Syrian ones. These have small tails. Rats are about 3/4 or even larger than hamsters with long tails. Hamsters bite if they smell food on you. By owning both animals : hamsters and guinea pigs it is safe to say ,guinea pigs are harder to keep clean (as long as you don't put 2 males in a cage with a female nearby), they are â€Å"sweeter† and seem more stable.Guinea pigs are more easily played with , and when they run on the floor you can find them way easier than hamsters! Other than them both being vegetarians and furry they couldn't be much more different. I hope for the sake of any animal that you find out the difference before attempting to keep one. Pets provide us with so much more than companionship. Although there are responsibilities with pet ownership, the benefits greatly outweigh the work. Pets give us benefits not always read ily available from our human companions and that's unconditional love and acceptance.Our pets are always there for us and they are great listeners! A pet never judges us and they continue to love us in spite of our flaws and mistakes. That simple fact can be a stress reducer. One thing I have come into generalization with is no matter how small or big the animal is or how great their differences are. We should assume responsibility for them. We should do our best to nurture, care and love them. That is our responsibility as humans.

Gestalt Reflection Essay

During the short history of psychology many influences played a role in the development of Gestalt psychology. â€Å"Gestalt psychology is an approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a â€Å"whole† sense rather than on the individual elements of perception† (Feldman, 2010) This essay will talk about the main influence that played a central element in the evolution of Gestalt psychology and also explain each of the gestalt principles of perceptual organization. A major influence on Gestalt psychology was the intensity of the behaviorist revolution that was brewing in the United States alongside the revolution that was taking place in Germany. As time went on psychologists wanted to challenge Wundt’s approach of structuralism. The Germans became dissatisfied with the assumption that introspection could reveal the structure of the mind, thus leading to the Gestalt revolution in Germany. Wundt Believed in investigating the immediate experiences of consciousness, including beliefs, emotions, volitions and ideas, â€Å"internal perception†, or the self-examination of conscious experience by objective observation of one’s awareness.† (Feldman, 2010). Gestalt Psychologist was against this hypothesis. Gestalt psychologists believed that people don’t look at objects as individual lines, curves, forms and other designs; they perceive them as solid objects. (Schultz, 2011) They based their theories on something we know now as Gestalt Principles of Perceptual Organization. Gestalts came up with their school of thought, and these five elements played a role in defending their theories. The Gestalt Principles of Perceptual Organization are Proximity, Similarity, Closure, figure and ground and Continuity. â€Å"These are a series of principles that describes how we organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes.† (Feldman, 2010) The Law of Proximity states that humans tend to group units or shapes visually together if they are near to each other. If the items are far apart, they are separate. ‘The Law of Closure states that human perception looks to ensure perfect, solid figures, yet if there are breaks or missing pieces of data it can still close gaps and provide the missing data.’ (Feldman, 2010) The Law of Similarity States that if objects or units look similar to one another, and so they will be visually perceived as part of a group, social system or  blueprint. The Law of Continuity, states that humans seek relationships between units and therefore will follow the shapes and lines beyond their ending point. The Law of Figure and Ground states principle states that human perception separates an object from its environment. In Conclusion, there were many influences that aided in the development of Gestalt psychology. Gestalt psychologist stated their argument and provided key evidence that defended their theories. The five principals are useful because people use them in our everyday life. Bibliography Feldman, R. S. (2010). Psychology and your Life. In R. S. Feldman, Psychology and your Life (p. 456). New York. Schultz, D. P. (2011). A History Of Modern Psychology. In D. P. Schultz, A History Of Modern Psychology.

Evolution of the Floppy essays

Evolution of the Floppy essays Computers and computer technology have come a long way since the first home computers were invented in the early 70s. Over the past 30 years, computers and their accessories have all become compact. One item that has come a long way since its invention in 1971 is the memory disk, or floppy disk as it is now called. The floppy disk was first born as an 8 plastic disk with very little memory but over time slowly got smaller. It shrunk from 8 to 5 Â ¼ to 3 Â ½ and even to 3 but the 3 disk was discontinued. The floppy disks also increased the amount of saveable memory as they got smaller. They even became more versatile, which was appealing for computer customers in search of portable storage devices. The floppy disk forever changed the way computers were used and the way people saw computers. They made everyday computer tasks much easier for us. The floppy disk was revolutionary. IBM introduced the very first floppy disk in 1971. This memory disk as it was called at that time, was an 8 plastic disk coated with magnetic iron oxide; Data was written to read from the disks surface. The 8 plastic floppy disk was considered to be revolutionary during its time because not only was it considered to be a nice small size, but you could pretty much take it anywhere with you and put it in another computer to read the same data stored on that disk. The very large but very useful 8 floppy was just the start of what was to come within the next 20 years. The floppy disk was invented by IBM engineers led by none other than Alan Shugart. The first floppy disks his team created were just designed for loading micro codes into the controller of the IBM 3330 disk pack file. However, additional uses for the floppy disk quickly occurred. Some examples of these other uses were transferring documents from one computer to another, and creating copies of very import...

Print Directly to Printer With JavaScript

Print Directly to Printer With JavaScript One query that turns up a lot in the various Javascript forums asks how to send the page directly to the printer without first displaying the print dialog box. Rather than just telling you that it cant be done perhaps an explanation of why such an option is not possible would be more useful. Which print dialog box displays when someone presses the print button in their browser or the Javascript window.print() method runs depends on the operating system and what printers are installed on the computer. As most people run Windows on their computer, lets first describe how the printing setup works on that operating system. The *nix and Mac operating systems differ slightly in the details but overall are set up similar. Print Dialog There are two parts to the print dialog box on Windows. The first of these is part of the Windows API (Application Programming Interface). The API is a set of common code pieces that are held in the various DLL (Dynamic Link Library) files that are part of the Windows operating system. Any Windows program can (and should) call the API to perform common functions such as displaying the Print Dialog box so that it will work the same way in all programs and not have different options in different places the way the print option did back in DOS program days. The Print Dialog API also provides a common interface allowing all programs access to the same set of printer drivers rather than printer manufacturers having to create driver software for their printer for each individual program that wanted to use it. The printer drivers are the other half of the print dialog. There are several different languages that different printers understand that they use to control how the page prints (eg. PCL5 and Postscript). The printer driver instructs the Print API as to how to translate the standard internal print format that the operating system understands into the custom markup language that the specific printer understands. It also adjusts the options that the Print dialog displays to reflect the options offered by the specific printer. Operating the Printer An individual computer may have no printers installed, it may have one local printer, it may have access to several printers over a network, it may even be set up to print to PDF or preformatted print file. Where more than one printer is defined one of them is designated the default printer which means that it is the one that displays its details in the print dialog when it first appears. The operating system keeps track of the default printer and identifies that printer to the various programs on the computer. This allows the programs to pass an extra parameter to the print API telling it to print directly to the default printer without displaying the print dialog first. Many programs have two different print options - a menu entry that displays the print dialog and a toolbar fast print button that sends directly to the default printer. When you have a web page on the internet that your visitors are going to print, you have next to no information about what printer(s) they have available. Most printers around the world are configured to print out on A4 paper but you cant guarantee that the printer is set up to that default. One North American country uses a non-standard paper size that is shorter and wider than A4. Most printers are set up to print out in portrait mode (where the narrower direction is the width but some may be set to the landscape  where the longer dimension is the width. Of  course, each and every printer also has different default margins at the top, bottom, and sides of the page even before the owners go in and change all of the settings to get the printer the way that they want. Given all of these  factors, you have no way to tell whether the default printer with its default configuration will print out your web page on A3 with negligible margins or on A5 with huge margins (leaving little more than a postage stamp sized area in the middle of the page). You can probably assume that most will have a print area on the page of approximately 16cm x 25cm (plus or minus 80%). Printing Needs Since printers vary so much between your potential visitors (did someone mention laser printers, inkjet printers,  color  or black and white only, photo quality, draft mode, and lots more) you have no way to tell what they will need to do to print out your page in a reasonable format. perhaps they have a separate printer or a second driver for the same printer providing totally different settings specifically for web pages. Next, comes the matter of what they may want to print. Do they want the whole page or have they selected just a part of the page that they want to  print?  If your site uses frames do they want to print all of the frames the way they appear on the page, do they want to print each frame separately, or do they just want to print a specific frame? The need to answer all of these questions makes it just about essential that the print dialog  appears  whenever they want to print something so that they can make sure that the settings are all correct before they hit the print button. Most browsers also provide the ability to add a fast print button to one of the browser toolbars to allow the page to be printed to the default printer using default browser settings as to what is to be printed and how. Javascript Browsers do not make this multitude of browser and printer settings available to Javascript. Javascript is primarily concerned with modifying the current  web page  and so web browsers provide minimal information about the browser itself and next to no information about the operating system available to  Javascript  because Javascript doesnt need to know those things to perform  those  things that Javascript is intended to do. Basic security says that if something like Javascript doesnt need to know about the operating system and browser configuration in order to manipulate the web page then it should not be provided with that information. It is not like Javascript ought to be able to change the printer settings to appropriate values for printing the current page because that is not what Javascript is for - that is the job of the print dialog. Browsers  therefore  only make available to Javascript those things that Javascript needs to know such as the size of the screen, the  available space in the browser window  to display the page, and similar things which help Javascript work out how the page is laid out. The current web page is  Javascripts  one and only concern. Intranets Intranets are of course an entirely different matter. With an  intranet,  you know that everyone  accessing the page  is using a specific browser (usually a recent version of Internet Explorer) and has a specific screen resolution and access to specific printers. This means that it makes sense on an intranet to be able to print directly to the printer without displaying the print dialog because the person writing the web page knows which printer it will be printed on. The Internet Explorer substitute for Javascript (called JScript) therefore has slightly more information about the browser and operating system that Javascript itself does. The individual computers on the network running the intranet may be able to be configured to allow the JScript  window.print()  command write directly to the printer without displaying the print dialog. This configuration would need to be set up individually on each client computer and is well beyond the scope of an article on Javascript. When it comes to web pages on the internet there is absolutely no way that you can set up a  Javascript command  to send directly to the default printer. If your visitors wish to do that they will have to set up their own fast print button on their browser toolbar.

Information Systems Management (Travel and Tourism) Essay

Information Systems Management (Travel and Tourism) - Essay Example Today, computer programs are being designed to recognize patterns in large amounts, make decisions, and solve problems. Intelligence agents are knowledge banks, since they have knowledge of certain things. Generally, there are two types of artificial intelligence, including, weak AI and strong AI. The weak AI allows machine to work independently; however, it cannot compete with human intelligence, such that, computer cannot have a mind or conscious. However, computer with weak AI can only solve some types of problems, but not all. Strong AI is also the artificial general intelligence, which thinks cognitively, and functions like the human brain. However, for a strong AI to exist there is need for software that functions like human brain, a computer that can make billions of calculations per second. Q1 (ii): Communities of practice Communities of practice are groups of people who share a passion for something in particular and learn how to do it best; it mainly involves collective lea rning such as solving problems. They can vary in different forms, for instance, a group of engineers working on a particular issue or a group of managers concerned with a particular organization problem. This proves that learning is the main reason why people interact; however, not every community is a community of practice. For instance, a group of friends cannot be defined as a community of practice. A community of practice usually involves a domain of interest; therefore, membership entails commitment to the domain. Members normally engage in discussions and activities that help towards their interests. Unless people with the same interests interact, a community of practice cannot be formed. Activities involved may vary from problem solving, discussing development, visiting, mapping knowledge, and identifying gaps among others. Moreover, community of practice is mainly applied in organizations, government, educational institutions, and development projects among others. Q 1 (iii) : Data mining Data mining is the process of analyzing and extracting large data sets by using both artificial intelligence and statistics, in order to summarize the data in an understandable and useful way to the data owner. The wide use of information system leads to the accumulation of large data in businesses and on the website. Businesses can learn from the data transaction about the behavior of their customers in purchasing and they can therefore find ways of improving on their business through the acquired knowledge. Hence, data mining uses methods that allow extraction of useful data from large data that can be useful in decision-making. However, data mining is associated with the problem of market basket analysis, whereby, a business gathers information on the items that are mostly purchased by customers. Creating an effective layout of the business is important, for instance, it was discovered that most customers who purchase diaper especially the men always purchase a beer too and chips. Therefore, today, in most stores, beer is close to diapers and chips are close to beer, making it easier to meet their customer’s interests. The problem here is when applying the data mining technique of ‘association rule mining’. To be able to mine data, the data must first be collected from the

Managing People and Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing People and Organisations - Essay Example It can change, it can grow and it can develop into something which is larger than the organisation itself. The literature on company cultures as well as other examples from companies such as GE and Apple shows us that having a strong culture is a good thing only if the culture is positive and leads to the objectives of the company being met. In a situation where the culture is strongly negative the environment can become toxic and the symptoms mentioned in the case certainly point towards that happening in Gillman Autos. Things such as shiftitus, covering ass and passing the buck are perfect signs of a negative culture and the stronger it is the worse off a company would be. For the company itself, it seems that the culture is certainly a result of the 2x4 management style. As per the literature on company culture, the formation of the culture depends on the leadership of the company (Gardner, 1995) and the present situation as described for Gillman Autos is simply a result of their ineffective management system. The controls which should have been in place to prevent this from happening seem to have been ignored altogether. Without effective control, a company will end up with bad leadership and a bad leader will not only bring down his/her own output but also of those who fulfil the role of subordinates (Armstrong, 1999). Culture, social responsibility, ethics and the work environment all flow from the leadership of a company. This was realised by GE when the company saw high turnover in their international communications department and even though the department was not one of the primary departments of the company, significant junior level turnover caused the senior managers to get worried. After making some inquires and revaluations of exit interviews, the company discovered that a line manager was causing problems for others by creating a negative culture within the department. The department could not be made productive until that manager

Paper Converters ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Paper Converters ltd - Essay Example ..8 4. Impact of culture on organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 5. Multi-Cultural deference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 5.1 Individualism (IDV)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 5.2 Power distance (PDI)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 5.3 Masculinity / Femininity (MAS)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 5.4 Uncertainty avoidance (UAI)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.12 6. Management deference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......12 6.1 Achievement vs. Ascription†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 6.2 Individualism vs. Communitarianism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 6.3 Internal vs. External†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 6.4 Neutral vs. Emotional†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 6.5 Specific vs. Diffuse†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 6.6 Time Orientation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 6.7 Universalism vs. Particularism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦15 7. ... Although, the two founder executives of the corporations are childhood acquaintances ethnicity, they have dissimilar vision and views.The culture of both corporations are strongly swayed by their founding executives. Employees of both companies greatly believe in their originators’ vision that slowly developed into their own enterprise culture that resulted into an organizational ethnicity clash amid Dyson Paper and Jones Sales Agent Limited, when they relocated to Paper Converter Limited. The aim of this report is to evaluate the case of Paper Converter in respect to organization and international (UK). The report will give a breakdown of the Paper Converter cultural drawback via ‘Cultural Web’ investigative tool for organizational cultures, also;Hofstede four dimensions, Pestel and Fons Trompenaar cultural structure forglobal cultures (UK) to reveal where Paper Converter is falling short in addition toways of overcoming this organisational problem. 1. Background of the Company Paper Converter Ltd was established in 1988 after an merger amid the Dyson Paper and Jones Sales Agent Ltd. Dyson Paper was established in 1983, in Corby, United Kingdom with the inducement from the government of Britain during the depression phase early on in 1980s. Mainly, Dyson Paper takes care of the management and production, whereas Jones Sales Agent Limited assumed the responsibility of marketing and sales, from two unconnected premises positioned 60miles apart. 1.1 Market Situation Paper Converter’s central market was United Kingdom, Middle East and West Africa. To enhance production capacity as well as reduce production cost, the firm went worldwide through setting up a factory in Zambia

Violence against Women in Afghanistan

Violence against Women in Afghanistan Afghanistans country has been ruled by militant groups of the Taliban and womens rights have been exploited for political gain. Women were allowed to do many things such as the right to vote before civil conflict and Taliban rule before the 1970s. The Taliban ruled in Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001(Dupont, 2004). Their aim was to make Afghanistan an Islamic state and under their rule woman and girls were faced with discrimination and were forced to follow their version of Islamic law. Women were violated, beaten, abused and raped. Although in 2001 they banish from power there are still some that control sections of Afghanistan. In 2009 Afghanistan adopted the elimination of violence against woman law but women are still being abused and have no equality. â€Å"Women constitute roughly 49% of Afghanistans 23.3 million people.†(Ministry of Women’s Affairs, 2008, para1). In comparison to the Afghanistan men, women are the worst off in the world and their situation is ver y poor especially in the areas of health data, human rights, protection against violence, education, public participation, and economic productivity. According to (MOVA, 2008), â€Å"the average Afghan woman have a lifespan of 44 years which is around 20 years short of the global average.† Woman in Afghanistan die at a younger age than men because of the abuse and harsh suffering that is placed on them. Women in Afghanistan face under age early marriages, forced marriages high fertility rate which contribute to high incidence of maternal mortality. Women are limited to access services and opportunities due to poverty insecurity and harmful traditional practices and abuse by their spouse (MOVA, 2008). Women face many health problems because they have to wait for approval from their spouse and because of their culture they have limits to male doctors. Not only do women have poor quality health but they also have a low literacy rate. Education is a huge concern because they lack the resources, facilities, finance, protection from abuse and girls and women are discouraged from going to school. â€Å"The adult literacy rate in Afghanistan is estimated at 36% while the woman, it is estimated at being 21%.†(MOVA, 2008, pg. 3) Boys are more likely to complete primary school and further their education than girls. Men are economically more stable than are women. Womens productive contributions are underestimated and underpaid and women have limited access to economic resources. What has already been done? In 2009 the law on elimination of violence against woman was enacted and this law covers crime of forced marriages, forced self immolation and other acts of violence against woman. Ever since the law was in place there have been incidences of 2,299 cases of violence against women (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for human rights [OHCHR], 2011) and a record of increases in number of cases of self immolation of girls and women in southern and southeastern regions of Afghanistan. Most cases are not investigated by police and some crimes were prosecuted through penal code instead of the elimination law which left perpetrators with lighter charges and women being accused of moral crimes (OHCHR, 2011). Because many women are unaware of the law and protective factors, women are still fleeing from violence and forced marriages. Many of the women run to women shelters that offer temporary safe refuge. The violence against woman presents them from having a voice and limits their ability to do anything in the public. United nations assistance in Afghanistan and the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for human rights have called on the government to make the law known among people in rural and urban areas and also government of all levels. The United Nations collected information from 22 of Afghanistans 34 provinces during a 12 month period to see how well the law is used (OHCHR, 2011). Because of cultural restraints, social norms and religious beliefs, woman face acts of violence. Many of the women are discouraged from seeking help due to fear of their lives. They faced so much discrimination and fear that they dont want to do anymore to further complicate their lives. Due to the sufferings and abuse on womens health, there have been mobile teams available in the community to help women get care for their health. The mobile team includes midwife, vaccinators, community health supervisors and community health workers (Madhok, 2014). Whenever a case is very severe they are referred to main hospitals. UNICEF has provided and funded special care for women and their children and this helps by improving womens access to medical care. In 2012 the IASC gender marker was introduced Afghanistan and resulted in significant achievements towards mainstreaming gender. Midyear evaluations were conducted to verify implements of the IASC gender marker (Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs [OCHA], 2013, pg. 39). They made visits to different sites in Bamyan, Herat, Nangahar and Kabal. They faced many challenges on recruiting women to provide healthcare for women and girls because of their customary practices and fear they faced against men. Few Afghanistan non-governmental organizations (NGOs) develop strategies to slowly change gender attitudes and Kabal. Through their awareness and building trust with the men, women were allowed permission to receive family planning from male doctors. Many women are not allowed to work or be seen by men so that is why they were restricted from any services. To help address gender issues, gender frameworks were developed to engage communities to work on meeting humanitarian a nd protection needs of vulnerable groups (OCHA, 2013). Other things that were done: Governments have involved women in national institutions Woman are recognized in the constitutional Loya Jirga Government mandated the national Solidarity program to ensure womens participation as actors and beneficiaries in the program Implementation of Bonn Agreement(increases womens involvement in government) Established the Ministry of womens affairs (2001) Education awareness on rape and sex assault Provided helpline contacts Develop training packages for domestic homicide Improve commission of services Elimination of Violence against Woman Law (2009) Partnerships Used to implement awareness: UN action against sexual violence in conflict Inter agency task force for women, peace and security Inter Agency Task Force on Prevention of sexual exploitation NGO, civil society and communities to promote gender equality and empowerment of women and girls Gender Standby Capacity (GenCap) project Steering Committee Afghanistan Ministry of womens affairs (UNICEF, 2012) What needs to be done? Continuously enforcing the law (punishment for not following rules) Place perpetrators in prison Revise Afghanistans legislative framework Implement gender equality Allow more women to contribute in the country Raise awareness of the law all over so that men and women are informed Include organizations that support nonviolence against women and men Provide healthcare to women and children and make accessible in poor areas Increase protection mechanisms in schools to allow girls and women of safer environment for education Protection of womens rights Integrate gender equality programs and extend women roles /more opportunities Provide surgical help for women Provide nutritional supplies Educate men about integration of womens roles Educate children about abuse and consequences Provide rehabilitation and coping centers To measure the outcomes of the plan, the process needs to be evaluated to ensure that all ideas have been implemented. This includes: reviewing of the past abuse rates and comparing them with the new ones to determine whether the plan was beneficial; looking at the healthcare of women and children to determine if proper health care have been given to improve their health; looking at the education rates of women and the level of education accomplished; determining what has been made available to women and what roles they currently hold; looking at attitudes and behaviors of men towards women to determine if there were any significant changes in the household; ensuring prosecution of the perpetrators and an improvement in the judicial system. References Dupont, S.(2004) Women in Afghanistan: The back story. Retrieved from  www.amnesty.org.uk/womens-rights-afghanistan-history#.U1i-WOawL9d Ministry of Women’s Affairs (2008) National Action Plan for Women of Afghanistan. Retrieved  From mova.gov.af/en/page/6686 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). (2013) Afghanistan Common  Humanitarian Action Plan. Retrieved from http://unocha.org/cap/ Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for human rights (OHCHR) (2011) A Long  way to Go: Implementation of the Elimination of Violence Law. Kabul, Afghanistan Retrieved from www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/AF/UNAMA_Nov2011.pdf UNICEF (2012) Gender Equality in Humanitarian Action Retrieved from www.unicef.org